THIRD DIVISION

[ G.R. No. 236322, November 27, 2019 ]

COKIA INDUSTRIES HOLDINGS MANAGEMENT, INC. AND/OR GEORGE LEE CO, PRESIDENT & CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER, PETITIONERS, V. BEATRIZ C. BUG-OS, RESPONDENT

D E C I S I O N

CARANDANG, J.:

This is a Petition  for Review  on Certiorari1 assailing the Decision2 dated August 25, 2017 and Resolution3  dated November 24,2017 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. SP No. 07982. The CA affirmed the Resolutions dated December 29, 20164  and February 14;-20-175 of the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC), which granted respondent Beatriz Bug-Os' (Bug-Os) motion for reconsideration and set aside its Resolution6  dated June 16, 2016 and the Decision7   dated November 23, 2015 of the Labor Arbiter. The NLRC found Cokia Industries Holdings Management, Inc. (CIHMI) and its   President   and   Chief   Operating   Officer   George   Lee   Co   (George; collectively, petitioners) to have illegally dismissed Bug-Os and ordered them to pay her backwages,  13th month pay, and service incentive leave pay. The NLRCa]also ordered Bug-Os'  reinstatement to her previous position without loss of seniority rights and privileges.8

Antecedents

Bug-Os was employed as CIHMI's  accounting personnel on January 2, 2001.  She  was  tasked  to  do  the  following:  (1)  prepare  salary  payrolls, vouchers, and contributions; (2) process loans and submit remittances of the company  to various  government  agencies  like the  Social  Security System (SSS),  Philippine  Health  Insurance  Corporation  (PhilHealth),  and Pagtutulungan  sa Kinabukasan:  Ikaw, Bangko, Industria  at Gobyerno (Pag­ Ibig) Fund; and(3) serve as liason officer/authorized representative to various government agencies, including the Department of Labor and Employment.9

When Biange L. Co (Biange) died, he was replaced by his sister, Shirley L. Co (Shirley),  as Corporate  Finance  Officer/Treasurer  of CIHMI in May 2015. Shirley reviewed  the documents of the company and discovered that there was a record of a Pag-Ibig loan in her name even though she did not apply for it. After she informed George of her discovery, they began investigating the matter. They discovered several irregularities, including forgeries  and  falsifications  on  the  Pag-Ibig  loan  supposedly  obtained  by Shirley, and on the remittances to Pag-Ibig. The documents for the loan under Shirley's name bore her forged signature and that of Biange's.10

On July 4, 2015, George issued an Office Memorandum to Bug-Os, directing her to explain: "(I) why she participated and connived in applying, processing, and securing a multi-purpose loan in the name of stockholder and corporate officer(s) Shirley Co; (2) why she lied and told Shirley that the latter did not have any loan with Pag-Ibig; and (3) why she attempted to cover up the fact that Shirley has an existing loan with Pag-Ibig that she never applied for." Bug-Os submitted her handwritten explanation on the same day. 11  She denied having any knowledge of the irregularities. Allegedly, Gina Co (Gina), sister-in-law of George and Bug-O's immediate supervisor, was the one responsible for the forgery. Bug-Os claimed that she merely prepared the loan forms and submitted it to Pag-Ibig.12

On July 6, 2015, Bug-Os tendered her departure through a handwritten resignation letter, which became effective at the close of office hours on the same day. The following day, she sent another handwritten letter authorizing ./

her cousin, Corazon P. Etac (Etac), to withdraw her salaries, 13th month pay and other amounts due her. On July 30,2015, Etac received the check for Bug­ Os worth P9,163.50 covering her salary for July 1 to 6, 2015, 13th month pay, and proportionate  service incentive leave pay. Bug-Os filed a complaint for illegal dismissal against petitioners on August 11, 2015.13

Ruling of the Labor Arbiter

On   November   23,   2015,   the  Labor  Arbiter   dismissed   Bug-Os' complaint with prejudice and for lack of merit.14  The Labor Arbiter held that her unjustified  failure  to submit  her position  paper is sufficient  ground  to dismiss her complaint. 15   In any case, the Labor Arbiter ruled that petitioners were able to show that Bug-Os voluntarily resigned.16 There was no proof that she was merely compelled to do so. She even sent another letter authorizing Etac to claim her monetary benefits on her behalf to CIHMI after she resigned. For the Labor Arbiter, Bug-Os opted for a graceful exit rather than be dismissed.17 Bug-Os appealed to the NLRC.

Ruling  of the NLRC

In its June 16, 2016 Resolution,  the NLRC dismissed the appeal and affirmed the ruling of the Labor Arbiter.18 The NLRC agreed with the Labor Arbiter that Bug-Os'  failure to submit her position paper was inexcusable. 19 The NLRC also held that Bug-Os resigned without waiting for the outcome of the investigation.20  The contents  of her resignation,  position,  an undergraduate degree in accounting, 18 units of Masters in Business Administration,21 work experience, and the circumstances before and after her departure,  constitute  substantial  proof  of  her  voluntary  resignation.22   In addition, she did not submit evidence that George was hostile towards her. Overall, there was no proof of Bug-Os' constructive dismissa1.23

Bug-Os filed a motion for reconsideration.  In its December  29, 2016 Resolution,24  the NLRC granted her motion and ruled as follows:

WHEREFORE, the motion  for  reconsideration is GRANTED.

The assailed  Resolution  is SET ASIDE  and a new one is entered finding respondents guilty of illegal dismissal. Complainant  is entitled to backwages  of P211,431.00,  and reinstatement   to  her  previous   position   without   loss  of seniority rights and privileges.

In  addition,  since  complainant  is  not  a  minimum wage earner, the award of backwages, 13th    month pay and SILP is subject to 5% withholding tax pursuant to Revenue Memorandum Circular No 39-2012 dated August 3, 2012 as restated  in NLRC Administrative  Order  No.  11-17,  dated November 16, 2012.

SO ORDERED.25

The NLRC held that Bug-Os was forced to resign because petitioners subjected her to harsh words and treatment.26 George gave his orders in a high­ pitched voice, directed her to do something despite being busy working on the payroll, forced her to run when she was given orders, and made her feel like a slave.27   Bug-Os'  act of filing her complaint  shows  that she had no real intention to give up her office.28

Petitioners filed a motion for reconsideration, but the NLRC denied it in its Resolution29  dated February  14, 2017. Thus, they filed a petition  for certiorari  before the CA to assail the ruling of the NLRC.

Ruling  of the CA

The CA denied the petition and affirmed the Resolutions of the NLRC in its Decision30  dated August 25, 2017. TheCA was convinced that Bug-Os would not have resigned if not for the harsh words and treatment from petitioners.31   Therefore,  the CA held that the NLRC did not commit grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction.32

Petitioners filed a motion for reconsideration. After the CA denied it in its Resolution33 dated November 24, 2017, petitioners filed a petition before this Court to assail the ruling of the NLRC.

Issue

The issue before Us is whether the CA erred in affirming the finding of the NLRC that Bug-Os was illegally dismissed.

Ruling  of the Court

The petition is meritorious.

Constructive dismissal exists if an act of clear discrimination, insensibility, or disdain by an employer becomes so unbearable on the part of the employee that it could foreclose any choice by him or her except to forego his or her continued employment.34 The test for determining if an employee was constructively dismissed is whether a reasonable person in the employee's position would feel compelled to give up his or her employment under the prevailing circumstances.35

In contrast, resignation refers to the voluntary act of an employee who is in a situation where one believes that personal reasons cannot be sacrificed in favor of the exigency of the service, and one has no other choice but to dissociate oneself  from employment.  The acts of the employee  before and after the alleged resignation must be considered in determining whether he or she, in fact, intended to sever his or her employment.36

The employer has the burden of proving that an employee voluntarily resigned. However, an allegation of constructive dismissal must be proven by the employee,37 especially when he or she has given a resignation letter to the employer, as held in the appropriate case of Gan v.  Galderma  Philippines, Inc.38 Whether the parties were able to discharge their respective burdens involves a review of the factual findings of the courts a quo. While the Court generally does not perform such function, the conflicting findings of the Labor Arbiter, the NLRC, and the CA call for the same in this case. 39

As  proof  of Bug-Os'  voluntary  resignation,  petitioners  submitted  a copy of her handwritten resignation letter. Bug-Os' resignation letter states:

Sirs/Madams,

Good day!

Effective at the close of office hours of July 6, 2015, I will tender my resignation as an OFFICE EMPLOYEE  of your 2 (two) PRESTIGIOUS COMPANIES. Thank  you  for  the  OPPORTUNITY   working  w/ you.40

On its face, the letter does not have any indication that Bug-Os was forced to execute it. She made no mention of what she claims are false accusations   against  her.  Her  words  of  gratitude  further  undermine  her assertion that she was coerced to resign.41

Nonetheless, Bug-Os claims that George and his mother subjected her to harsh treatment the moment the irregular transactions were discovered. This made working for CIHMI unbearable and compelled her to resign. However, she did not submit proof in support of her contentions. Bare allegations alone are insufficient  to establish  constructive  dismissal.42  Notably, Lolita Perez (Perez),  CIHMI's   employee  in  charge  of  bookkeeping,   recording,  and preparation of its vouchers and even Bug-Os herself claimed that the latter was never scolded or subjected to disciplinary action by petitioners prior to the discovery  of the irregularities.43 In addition, Perez refuted Bug-Os and averred   that   George   scolded   the  latter   only   once   in  relation   to  the irregularities.44

Moreover, strong words from the employer do not necessarily make the working environment unbearable. When these are uttered "without palpable reason or are expressed only for the purpose of degrading the dignity of the employee, then a hostile work environment will be created."45 Bug-Os did not cite the statements  made by George that were demeaning to her. Hence, We cannot say whether George uttered words which made working in CIHMI unbearable for her, or simply expressed his anger over the misappropriation of CIHMI's funds.

We also take note of the fact that Bug-Os resigned  merely two days after she was given the Office Memorandum, or from July 4 to 6, 2015. It is incredulous that in that short span of time, she was subjected to so much harassment that it made working for CIHMI unbearable.  While there is no fixed period for constructive dismissal, the period from the time Bug-Os was asked to explain the irregularities discovered until she resigned simply does not lend credibility to her claim that she was constructively dismissed.

Conversely, petitioners submitted evidence to prove that Bug-Os committed irregularities,  such as the affidavits of Shirley, Perez, and Edem Manlangit (Manlangit), another employee of CIHMI. Shirley attested to the fact that she did not obtain a loan from Pag-Ibig. Perez enumerated the irregularities  she discovered  after auditing CIHMI's  transactions  with SSS and Pag-Ibig of which are: 1) Bug-Os reported an amount for remittance to Pag-Ibig  in  excess  of  what  was  actually  deducted  from  the  employees' salaries. She then credited the excess to her loan;46 2) Bug-Os deducted from the  salaries  of  other  employees  but  credited  the  amount  deducted  to  the payment of her own loan and that of other persons;47 and 3) Bug-Os reported an amount for remittance that is higher than what was actually deducted from her salary.48 As for Manlangit, he affirmed Perez's statement that P5,000 was deducted from his salary but it was credited to the payment ofBug-Os' loan.

Bug-Os admitted that she was in charge of processing the payroll, vouchers, loan application, and remittances to SSS, Pag-Ibig, and PhilHealth of CIHMI's  employees except for herself. However, she denied committing any irregularity and ascribed it to Gina. The determination  of whether Bug­ Os  defrauded  CIHMI  is  unnecessary  to  resolve  this  case.  Even  so,  the evidence presented by petitioners in relation to this matter and the January 11, 2019 Judgment49   of the Municipal Trial Court in Cities of Cagayan de Oro City, Branch 5 convicting Bug-Os of six counts of estafa, in relation to the remittances to Pag-Ibig, support the finding of the Labor Arbiter that Bug-Os resigned on her own volition, perhaps to avoid further questioning from petitioners.

We, therefore, disagree with the NLRC and the CA's ruling that Bug­ Os was constructively dismissed. There is a lack of evidence to support this conclusion. As such, the Labor Arbiter was correct in dismissing Bug-Os' complaint.

WHEREFORE,  the  petition  is  GRANTED.  The  Decision  dated August 25,2017 and the Resolution dated November 24,2017 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 07982 are REVERSED and SET ASIDE. The Decision dated November 23, 2015 of the Labor Arbiter in NLRC Case No. RAB-10-08-00675-2015 is REINSTATED.

SO ORDERED.

Leonen, J., (Chairperson), Gesmundo,* Carandang, Lazaro-Javier,** and Zalameda, JJ., concur.



Footnotes

* On official leave.

** Designated as Additional Member of the Third Division per Special Order No. 2728 dated October 25,2019.

1 Rollo, pp. 3-39.

2 Penned by Associate Justice Edgardo T. Lloren, with Associate Justices Perpetua T. Atal-Paño and  Ruben Reynaldo G. Roxas, concurring; id. at 193-202.

3 Id.at 211-212.

4 Penned by Presiding Commissioner  Proculo T. Sarmen, with Presiding Commissioners  Bario-Rod M. Talon and Elbert T. Restauro, concurring; id. at 138-142.

5 Id. at 149-150.

6 Id. at 117-127.

7 Penned  by Labor  Arbiter  Rammex C. Tiglao;  id. at 82-89.

8 Id. at 85-89.

9 Id. at 194.

10 Id.

11 Id. at 195.

12 Id. at 97.

13  Id. at 195.

14  Id. at 89.

15 Id.

16 Id. at 85.

17 Id. at 86-87.

18 Id. at 126-127.

19 Id. at 121-122.

20 Id. at 124.

21 Id. at 66.

22 Id. at 127.

23 Id. at 125-127.

24 Supra note 4.

25 Id. at 141.

26 Id. at 139.

27 Id. at 138.

28 Id. at 140.

29 Supra note 5.

30 Supra note 2.

31 Id. at 200-201.

32 Id. at 201.

33 Id. at 211-212.

34 Que v. Asia Brewery, Inc., G.R. No. 202388, April10, 2019.

35 Peñaflor v. Outdoor Clothing Manufacturing Corp., 632 Phil. 219, 226 (2010).

36 Pascua v.  Bank Wise, Inc., G.R. Nos. 191460 & 191464, January 31,2018,853 SCRA446, 460.

37 FCA Security and General Services, Inc. v. Academia, Jr. II, G.R: No. 189493,August 2, 2017, 834 SCRA83, 84.

38 701 Phil. 612, 640 (2013).

39 Lu v. Enopia, 806 Phil. 725, 738 (2017).

40 Rollo, p.78.

41 See Panasonic  Manufacturing Philippines  Corp. v. Peckson, G.R. No. 206316,  March 20, 2019; Rodriguez v. ParkN Ride, Inc., 807 Phil. 747-758 (2017); and Vicente v. Court of Appeals, 557 Phil. 777-786 (2007).

42 Panasonic Manufacturing Philippines Corp. v. Peckson, supra note 41; Doble, Jr. v. ABE, Inc., G.R. No. 215627, June 5, 2017, 825 SCRA 557; and Cosue v. Ferritz Integrated  Development  Corp., G.R. No. 230664, July 24,2017, 831 SCRA 605.

43 Rollo, pp. 56 & 93.

44 Id. at 56.

45 Philippine  Span  Asia  Carriers  Corp.  v.  Pelayo,  G.R. No. 212003,  February 28, 2018, citing Rodriguez v. Park N Ride, Inc., 807 Phil. 747-758 (2017).

46 Rollo, p. 54

Date Amount Remitted Amount Actually Deducted Amount Credited to Bug-Os' Loan Payment
April 2014 P37,823.00 P32,823.00 P5,000.00

47 Id at 54-56

Date Employee Whose Salary was Deducted Amount Deducted Amount Credited to
October 2014 Manlangit P5,000.00 Bug-Os
January 2015 Perez Pl,000.00 P500 was credited to Grace Reyes while the remaining amount is unaccounted for
May 2015 Gina Co P6,000.00 Bug-Os
May 2015 Allan Daquilog P3,000.00 Bug-Os

48 Id. at 55.

Date Amount Deducted Amount Reported
February 2015 P6,000.00 P9,000.00
March 2015 P6,000.00 P9,000.00
April 2015 P6,000.00 P9,000.00

49 Id. at 247-257; penned by Presiding Judge Maria Luna Llena G. Lanticse-Saba.


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